Thursday, July 26, 2007
Black Madonnas
The most persuasive explanation is that Black Madonnas illustrate a line in the Song of Songs 1:5 from the Old Testament: "I am black, but beautiful, O daughters of Jerusalem…", especially as several of the Black Madonnas are inscribed in Latin with this line: Nigra sum sed formosa.
Tuesday, July 24, 2007
Stonewall Jackson
In his delirium, his dying words were, "Let us cross over the river and rest in the shade of the trees."
Monday, July 23, 2007
Citizen Henry
Citizen Henry was a woman who accompanied André-Jacques Garnerin on a trip by balloon on 8 July 1798 from the Parc Monceau in Paris. She was credited as the first woman "who ever had the courage to trust herself in the regions of air," although several women had already made ascents in a balloon: on 20 May 1784, the Marchioness and Countess of Montalembert, the Countess of Podenas and a Miss de Lagarde had taken a trip on a tethered balloon in Paris, and Elizabeth Thible had made an ascent in an untethered balloon on 4 June 1784.
Although the public and press were in favour of Garnerin's idea, he was forced to appear in front of officials of the Central Bureau of Police to attempt to justify his project. Chief among their concerns was the effect that the air pressure might have on the organs of the delicate female body, though it appears that they were also concerned of the moral implications of a man and woman being alone in a balloon together. When questioned as to the expected results of the atmospheric pressure and what would happen if the woman was to lose consciousness Garnerin replied that he did not expect anything untoward to occur and that he would be personally responsible for dealing with any mishaps. Unsatisfied with Garnerin's responses, the police issued an injunction against him, forbidding the ascent on the grounds that the young woman was committing herself to the venture without any idea of the possible outcome.
Consultation with the Minister of the Interior and Minister of the Police followed and the injunction was eventually overturned on the grounds that "there was no more scandal in seeing two people of different sexes ascend in a balloon than it is to see them jump into a carriage." They also decided that the decision of the woman to take the balloon trip showed proof of her confidence in the experiment and a degree of personal intrepidity.
There is no record of the relationship between Garnerin and Citoyenne Henri, where he recruited her for the trip or what her motives were in accepting. Garnerin gave her a present after the trip and there was fervent press interest in the beautiful young girl for a few days, but her fame did not endure: shortly afterwards, Garnerin's wife and niece became well-known for their parachuting exploits and Madame Blanchard was celebrated for her solo ballooning exploits, relegating the less impressive exploits of Citoyenne Henri to a footnote in aeronautic history.
Sunday, July 22, 2007
Titles of Mary
Woman Clothed With the Sun, Virgin by the Sea, Tower of Ivory, Star That Bore the Sea, Seat of Wisdom, Reparatrix, Queen of Heaven and Earth, Our Lady Who Appeared, Our Lady of the Golden Heart, Never Fading Wood, Morning Star, Mater Dei, Loom of the Incarnation, House Built by Wisdom
Flensted Mobiles
Earwax in Whales
Many species of whale have an annual buildup of earwax, adding one, two, or four layers (depending upon the species) each year. Similar to the incremental dating method of dendrochronology for trees, the number of layers can be counted to determine the age of the whale after its death.
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